💰 Finance Guides
How to calculate
anything in finance.
Step-by-step formula guides for accounting, business metrics, debt, investments, tax, pricing, and more. Every guide explains the formula, shows worked examples, and links to the calculator.
60+finance guides
6categories
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Banking & Rates
Interest, APR, CDs, and savings calculations
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Accounting & Financial Statements
Balance sheet, income statement, and financial analysis
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How to Calculate Retained EarningsRoll-forward formula, dividends, balance sheet link
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How to Calculate Total LiabilitiesCurrent vs non-current, balance sheet placement
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How to Calculate Tangible Net WorthTNW formula, intangible deductions, covenant context
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How to Calculate Accumulated DepreciationStraight-line method, schedule, balance sheet
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How to Calculate Average Total AssetsFormula for ROA and efficiency ratios
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How to Calculate Average AssetsOpening + closing method, ratio applications
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How to Calculate Average Operating AssetsROI and residual income base calculation
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How to Calculate Net Fixed AssetsGross assets minus accumulated depreciation
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How to Calculate Capital EmployedROCE denominator, two methods compared
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How to Calculate Horizontal AnalysisTrend analysis, period-over-period % change
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How to Calculate Vertical AnalysisCommon-size statements, base figure method
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How to Calculate Cash Flow to StockholdersDividends, share repurchases, equity financing
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How to Calculate Income from Continuing OperationsIsolate ongoing earnings, income statement
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How to Calculate Total Paid-in CapitalPar value + APIC, equity section of balance sheet
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How to Calculate Phantom ProfitFIFO vs LIFO, inventory inflation distortion
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How to Calculate Total ReturnCapital gain + income, annualised return
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How to Calculate Net Capital SpendingCapEx from fixed assets and depreciation
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How to Calculate Conversion CostDirect labor + overhead, cost accounting
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Business Metrics & Operations
Cost, overhead, inventory, labor, and performance
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How to Calculate Overhead4 rate methods, overhead % of revenue
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How to Calculate Cost SavingsNet savings, payback period, cumulative impact
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How to Calculate Average InventoryTurnover ratio, DIO, benchmarks
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How to Calculate Average Fixed CostAFC formula, AFC vs AVC vs ATC
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How to Calculate Beginning InventoryFormula from COGS, ending inventory, purchases
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How to Calculate Weeks of SupplyCoverage formula, reorder point, demand scenarios
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How to Calculate Period CostPeriod vs product cost, income statement
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How to Calculate Applied Manufacturing OverheadPredetermined rate, over/under-applied variance
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How to Calculate Burden RateTrue employee cost including benefits and taxes
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How to Calculate Idle TimeIdle % of total time, cost of unproductive hours
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How to Calculate Man-HoursTeam × days × hours, project planning
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How to Calculate Labor CostTotal labor including wages, taxes, benefits
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How to Calculate Labor RateEffective hourly rate including all employment costs
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How to Calculate Payroll BudgetHeadcount planning, salary + benefits forecasting
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How to Calculate Productivity Per EmployeeOutput ÷ headcount, revenue per employee
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How to Calculate Employee Growth RateNet headcount change, growth rate, trend analysis
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How to Calculate Variable Cost Per UnitTotal variable costs ÷ units produced
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How to Calculate Cost Per OrderTotal fulfillment cost ÷ orders, procurement
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How to Calculate Service RevenueRevenue recognition, billing vs earned
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How to Calculate Service LevelFill rate, order fulfilment, supply chain KPI
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Revenue & Investment
Returns, profitability, growth, and valuation
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How to Calculate Expected Revenue3 methods: funnel, units, probability weighting
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How to Calculate Revenue Growth RatePeriod-over-period growth, YoY, trend analysis
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How to Calculate Incremental RevenueMarginal revenue from a new decision or product
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How to Calculate Discount FactorPV formula, factor table, NPV application
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How to Calculate Accounting Rate of ReturnARR vs NPV, capital project evaluation
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How to Calculate Simple Rate of ReturnROI as % of initial investment
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How to Calculate Capital Gains YieldPrice appreciation component of total return
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How to Calculate Sell-Through RateUnits sold ÷ units received, retail inventory KPI
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How to Calculate Success RateSuccesses ÷ attempts, conversion rate context
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How to Calculate Tax RevenueTax rate × tax base, fiscal planning
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How to Calculate Insurance Rate Per $1Rate per $100/$1,000 of coverage, comparison
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Pricing & Personal Finance
Everyday money, pricing, and budgeting guides
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How to Calculate Percentage% change, % of a number, % difference
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How to Calculate Cost Per ItemTotal cost ÷ quantity, pricing decisions
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How to Calculate Price Per UnitUnit price for retail and bulk buying decisions
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How to Calculate Price Per PoundCost per lb/kg, grocery and commodity pricing
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How to Calculate Price Per ShareMarket cap ÷ shares, equity valuation basics
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How to Calculate Accounts PayableRoll-forward formula, DPO, AP vs AR
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Marketing & Reach
Audience, reach, frequency, and campaign metrics